PMC

(A) Laennec staging 0, HE staining (10×10), hepatocytic loosening, steatosis, focal necrosis, mild lymphocytic infiltration in the portal area, and no fibrosis. (B) Laennec staging 1, HE staining (4×10), loose liver cell cytoplasm, fatty degeneration, focal point necrosis, mild fiber hyperplasia and enlargement, no fiber spacing, lymphocyte infiltration within the portal area. (C) Laennec staging 2, HE staining (4×10), hepatocyte eosinophilic degeneration, eosinophilic body formation, focal necrosis, enlargement of fibrous tissue in the portal area, formation of fibrous septa, infiltration of lymphocytes, and hyperplasia of small bile ducts. (D) Laennec staging 3, HE staining (4×10), liver cell cytoplasm of osteoporosis, eosinophilic degeneration, cholestasis, focal necrosis and severe periportal piecemeal necrosis, hyperplasia of fibrous tissue expansion, formation of fibrous septa, segmentation of hepatic lobule, periportal and septa lymphocytes. (E) Laennec staging 4A, HE staining (4×10). Hepatic lobule structure disappearance, hepatocyte loosening, steatosis, focal necrosis, fibrous tissue hyperplasia, fibrous septum, formation of false lobules, infiltration of lymphocytes in the portal area and intercellular septum. (F) Laennec staging 4B, HE staining (4×10), hepatic lobule structure disappearance, liver cell vacuolization, focal necrosis and moderate periportal piecemeal necrosis, hyperplasia of fibrous tissue formation of fibrous septa, pseudolobule formation, changes in part of the fiber interval width, portal area and fibrous septum lymphocytic infiltration. (G) Laennec staging 4C, HE staining (4 x 10), hepatic lobule structure disappearance, liver cell vacuolization, focal necrosis, portal fibrosis formation of fibrous septa, fibrous septum wrapped around the liver cell cluster, formation of pseudolobules, fiber spacing width changes, portal area and fibrous septum lymphocytic infiltration).

 Immunostaining of the retina and RPE. Cy3 is the fluorophore (red) and DAPI is the nuclear counterstain (blue). (A) Fetal retina (haematoxylin and eosin; magnification ×40). (B) Mild GDF-5 staining of Muller cell processes of the retina in (A) (arrow) (magnification ×40). (C) Mild stippled BMP-7 staining of Muller cell processes of the fetal retina in (D) (arrow) (magnification ×40). (D) Fetal retina (haematoxylin and eosin; magnification ×40). (E) Area of osseous metaplasia surrounded by a zone of RPE fibrous metaplasia (arrowhead) (haematoxylin and eosin; magnification ×20). (F) Mild to moderate stippled GDF-5 staining of RPE fibrous metaplasia around the bone in (E) (arrowheads). Bruch’s membrane is indicated by the arrow (magnification ×20). (G) Moderate stippled BMP-7 staining of RPE metaplasia (arrowheads) in (H) around the bone. Bruch’s membrane is indicated by the arrow (magnification ×20). (H) Area of osseous metaplasia surrounded by RPE fibrous metaplasia (arrowheads) (haematoxylin and eosin; magnification ×20). (I) RPE fibrous metaplasia distant from the area of bone formation (haematoxylin and eosin; magnification ×20). (J) Trace GDF-5 staining of RPE fibrous metaplasia in (I) (arrowheads) (magnification ×20). (K) Mild BMP-7 staining of RPE fibrous metaplasia in (L) (arrowheads) (magnification ×20). (L) RPE fibrous metaplasia distant from the area of bone formation (haematoxylin and eosin; magnification ×20). (M) RPE fibrous metaplasia in an eye without bone formation. (haematoxylin and eosin; magnification ×20). (N) Trace to mild GDF-5 staining of RPE fibrous metaplasia in (M) (arrowhead) (magnification ×20). (O) Trace to mild BMP-7 staining of RPE fibrous metaplasia in (P) (arrowheads) (magnification ×20). (P) RPE fibrous metaplasia in an eye without bone formation (haematoxylin and eosin; magnification ×20).

(A) Oblique section of the ventral end of a cell showing the ventral pore (vp) and numerous fibrous bodies (fb) which occupy most cytoplasm. Smaller more electron dense fibrous bodies are also visible (arrows). Fixation 1. Scale bar 2 µm. (B) Transverse section of the cell showing the pusule chamber (p), containing electron dense material, surrounded by numerous fibrous bodies (fb). Lipid bodies (lb) are also visible. Fixation 1. Scale bar 5 µm. (C) Section of an elongated structure (possibly the pusule canal) with numerous fibrous bodies perpendicular to it: some of them seem to discharge their content into the canal. Fixation 2. Scale bar 1 µm. (D) Transverse section of the pusule chamber containing electron dense fibrous and amorphous material. Some fibrous bodies seem to discharge their content into the chamber (arrows). Fixation 1. Scale bar 2 µm. (E) Fibrous bodies (fb) in transverse and oblique section: they show an organized structure made of spirally arranged filaments packed around an electron transparent core. Fixation 1. Scale bar 500 nm. (F) Fibrous body in longitudinal section. Fixation 1. Scale bar 500 nm.

Characterization and cytocompatibility assessment of the fibrous membranes (A, B) SEM images of different fibrous membranes. Scale bar = 100 μm. (C, D) Diameter distribution analysis of different fibrous membranes. (A, C) PLGA (B, D) DMOG/nSi-PLGA. (E) FTIR spectra of the fibrous membranes. (F) Cell activity detected by CCK-8 assay after cultivation on TCP (tissue culture plate) and different fibrous membranes for 72 h. Data represent mean ± standard deviation (n = 3).